Researchers from the University of South Australia recently published a new paper linking sleep to the developing teen’s mental health—even though this factor is often overlooked.

Between SnapChat, IG, TikTok and everything else that keeps your teen awake at night, it’s easy to see why adolescents don’t get as much sleep as they should. University of South Australia sleep experts Dr. Alex Agostini and Dr. Stephanie Centofanti looked at how sleep (or lack of it) affects the teen’s behavior and overall mental health, including the likelihood of developing anxiety and depression or engaging in risky activities.

photo: Keira Burton via Pexels

According to Dr. Agostini, “Getting enough sleep is important for all of us—it helps our physical and mental health, boosts our immunity, and ensures we can function well on a daily basis.” Agostini continued, “But for teenagers, sleep is especially critical because they’re at an age where they’re going through a whole range of physical, social, and developmental changes, all of which depend on enough sleep.”

The sleep researcher also added, “Research shows that teenagers need at least eight hours of sleep each night. Without this, they’re less able to deal with stressors, such as bullying or social pressures, and run the risk of developing behavioral problems, as well as anxiety and depression.”

Agostini also noted, “If sleep drops to less than six hours a night, research shows that teens are twice as likely to engage in risky behaviours such as dangerous driving, marijuana, alcohol or tobacco use, risky sexual behaviour, and other aggressive or harmful activities.”

When it comes to factors that contribute to sleep loss, Dr. Centofanti said, “Teens spend a lot of time on devices, whether it’s texting friends, playing games, or watching videos, using technology late into the night is one of the most common disruptors of good sleep. Overuse of technology can also contribute to mental health issues likely to increase anxiety.” Centofanti continued, “To make a real difference to teenage mental health, both parents and medical practitioners must understand how sleep can affect mental health in teenagers.”

—Erica Loop

 

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Infants as young as six-months-old recognize when adults imitate them and perceive imitators as more friendly. According to a new study from Lund University in Sweden, babies looked and smiled longer at adults who imitated them as opposed to when the adult responded in other ways. This research can be found in PLOS One. 

baby with fedora

During  the study, a researcher met six-month-old babies in their homes and played with them in four different ways. The researcher either: imitated everything the babies did as a mirror, or as a reverse mirror, imitated only the bodily actions of the babies while keeping an immobile face, or responded with a different action when the babies acted. The latter is referred to as contingent responding and is how most parents normally react to their baby. When the baby does something the parent reacts accordingly. 

The researchers found that the babies looked and smiled longer, and tried to approach the adult more often, during the close mirroring of their actions.

“Imitating young infants seems to be an effective way to catch their interest and bond with them. The mothers were quite surprised to see their infants joyfully engaging in imitation games with a stranger, but also impressed by the infants’ behaviours,” says Gabriela-Alina Sauciuc, researcher at Lund University and main author of the study.

Researchers tested behavior during imitation. If the baby hit the tab;e and the researcher imitated the action, the baby would then hit the table several times all while watching the researcher’s responses. Even if the researcher did not show any emotion while imitating, the babies still recognized that they were being imitated and responded with the testing behavior. 

“This was quite interesting. When someone actively tests the person who is imitating them, it is usually seen as an indication that the imitated individual is aware that there is a correspondence between their own behaviour and the behavior of the other,” Sauciuc says.

“By showing that 6-month-old infants recognize when they are being imitated, and that imitation has a positive effect on interaction, we begin to fill up this gap. We still have to find out when exactly imitation begins to have such effects, and what role imitation recognition actually plays for babies,” Sauciuc concludes.

—Jennifer Swartvagher

Featured photo: Pixabay via Pexels

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An expectant mom’s alcohol consumption during pregnancy has long been linked to developmental problems and congenital defects in babies, but new research suggests that dads-to-be should cut out alcohol as well before the baby is even conceived.

The new study published by the Journal of Preventive Cardiology found that dads who drank during the three months before conception were 44 percent more likely to have babies born with congenital heart disease than compared with non-drinkers. The amount of alcohol consumed was also significant to the findings that dads who were considered binge drinkers (five or more drinks per day) were 52 percent more likely to have a baby with a congenital heart defect.

photo: Natasha Kapur via Unsplash

Moms weren’t off the hook for their drinking prior to conception either. The study found that moms who drank or were binge drinkers prior to pregnancy were 16 percent more likely to give birth to a baby with congenital heart disease.

“Binge drinking by would-be parents is a high risk and dangerous behaviour that not only may increase the chance of their baby being born with a heart defect, but also greatly damages their own health,” study author Jiabi Qin, of Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China, said in a statement reported by CNN.

Since it’s impossible to exactly predict when conception might occur, Qin suggests that to be safe men should abstain from drinking at least six months prior to when they plan to conceive and women should hold off for a year.

The study was based on analysis of existing data so there was no evidence drawn to explain the causation. However, previous research has shown that alcohol changes the DNA in developing sperm and changes sperm activity.

—Shahrzad Warkentin

 

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