Did you know that 80 percent of the brain develops in the first three years of life? Our kids go from crawling to running, from babbling to speaking, from being a quiet observer to having a full-fledged personality. As moms and entrepreneurs in the world of child development and kids products, we often find ourselves and friends asking how to create an environment at home that supports our kids’ physical and intellectual growth before they start school. What we’ve found through our research and interviews is that as kids travel through growth stages, their world—real or imagined—also shifts. As parents, we can create environments that are developmentally appropriate and that stimulate their emerging milestones. Here are a few baby nursery ideas and toddler updates that will take you through the first three years of life.

0 to 12 Months: Focus on the Floor

Your baby spends most of the first year of her life developing the physical strength to go from lying down to sitting to crawling and walking. She is also developing her spatial awareness and the drive to go after what she wants. The best way to nurture these budding skills is to spend some of your awake time every day on the floor, giving her chances to play on her back and on her tummy. While it’s often taken for granted, we can create a very rich, immersive environment for her down there, starting by getting down there with her.

Start her under a play gym (We love this space-themed play gym), where she develops her vision and learns to reach and bat. Then, add soft, sensory, activity toys—whether balls, rings, rattles, plush activity toys—so she can practice grabbing, pulling, dropping, shaking, and experimenting with sounds. As she gets more mobile, the same toys will motivate her to roll, scoot, pivot, army crawl, and more as she expresses her desire to bring them into her world.

13 to 24 Months: The Experiment Lab

girl reading book
Daria Shevtsova from Pexels

In the second year, that baby becomes a fast-moving and curious toddler! She loves to explore and experiment—making hypotheses about the world, testing them, and repeating the experiment over and over. She is noticing patterns and routines. This is the perfect age to indulge her desire to learn how the world works—how do things turn on and off? How do they move? How do we use words to express what we want?

We love creating an environment that nurtures her growing curiosity, gives her space to experiment, and gives us opportunities to participate in the conversation. Include toys like a shape sorter that teaches her to manipulate and match objects, a car ramp or wooden pull toy that teaches her cause and effect, and of course, toddler books that reinforce her understanding of the routines and people in her world, that she will no doubt ask to read over and over again!

As she gets closer to 24 months, she can also start to experiment with basic games like First Orchard—especially now that she is learning to follow simple commands. Watch as she explores and experiments with different ways to play the game!

25 to 36 Months: Pretend play, Every Day

As she moves through her third year, she becomes an independent, high-energy storyteller. She loves to act like the adults around her, learning that she can play pretend! That block over there? That’s not a block, it’s a phone—let’s call grandma! It’s the perfect time to design her play space around imaginative play and problem-solving—incorporating tools that can set up an infinite number of storylines that develop language, explore emotions, practice and refine motor skills, and practice relationship skills.

She will benefit from your modeling and close observation as you set up simple stories. Some of our favorite tools are ones that can also grow with your child beyond age 3—for example, a wooden play kitchen and play food, building tools like LEGO, Earthtiles, open-ended toys like wooden blocks and shapes, story-enablers like My Family Builders (where the pieces can be mixed and matched to make different types of families) and Maileg, whose little mice and furniture can be grouped into whimsical narratives. Dress-up is another fun tool she can use in her world of fantastic free play.

—Manisha Shah, Sonia Chang (Playfully) & Anne-Louise Nieto (Habbi Habbi)

 

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Habbi Habbi is about inspired, intentional parenting. This means being intentional about the home culture we are nurturing. These are the values that inspire our feed, the stories we share and the products we have picked for you. 

#8 is way too cute

Set aside the conversation hearts (except when doing science experiments) and show your kiddos how much they mean by filling the day with oh-so-sweet Valentine’s Day games and activities. From playing musical hearts to making suncatchers to concocting potions, the following ideas are fun ways to share the L-O-V-E. Be sure to check out our favorite DIY Valentine’s Day cards, jokes, and Valentine’s Day gifts kids can make.

1. Four Different Valentine’s Day Games

Not only are these Valentine’s Day games adorable, but they’re easy to pull together, especially with the printables from Happy Days in First Grade.

2. Pink Bottle Ring Toss

There’s nothing quite like a classic game of ring toss, and this pink version is perfect for Valentine’s Day festivities. Start collecting your bottles now, and order some heart-shaped bracelets to use as rings.

3. Heart Counting Game

a picture of a Valentine's day game
Deirdre Smith

It’s craps meets math with a clever counting game from the Kids Activities Blog. Roll the dice then add the same number of beans to the heart. The first overflowing heart is the winner! Play again and again—it’s a lovely (and educational) way to celebrate the holiday. 

4. Musical Hearts

a picture of musical hearts, a Valentines day game
Amy Mascott via Teach Mama

Want to walk all over hearts? It’s acceptable—and encouraged—during a session of musical hearts. Each heart has an entertaining activity written on the bottom. When the music stops, the kids start! Creative mom Amy incorporates reading and acting into each prompt and shares her awesome list of activities on her site, Teach Mama.

 

Related: Valentine’s Day Food and Treats Everyone Will Love

5. Conversation Heart Science Experiment

Mary Catherine via Fun-A-Day

Tiny conversation hearts are big on charm but short on taste. Kids can use these little love messages to start a different type of conversation. First, fill recycled plastic bottles with various forms of liquid. Drop in candy hearts and observe what happens next! Check out Fun-A-Day for the lowdown.

6. Valentine's Day Memory Game

a picture of a boy playing a Valentine's Day game
Hands On As We Grow

Want to put the kiddo’s knowledge to the test? See if they know their ABCs by heart with a colorful set of letters. Find out where Jamie of Hands On As We Grow grabbed her game set, or try your hand at making your very own.

7. Heart Hopscotch

a picture of a girl playing heart hopscotch, a fun Valentine's Day game
Toddler Approved

It’s hopscotch, Valentine’s style. Use cardstock (what else?) in red, pink, and white, add numbers or letters, grab something heavy(ish) to throw, and start hopping! You’ll be crushing on how much your kids are learning, from letter or number skills to physical coordination. Get more details on this simple Valentine's Day game by visiting Toddler Approved.

8. Valentine's Day Treasure Hunt

Thriving Home Blog

The clever clues and hand-written love notes in this simple but brilliant treasure hunt we found too sweet not to share. Cut out large hearts for hints and attach treats to each for added sweetness! The treasures at the end can be anything from simple toys to gift cards. Get great tips for making clues by visiting Thriving Home.

9. Valentine’s Day Bingo

Use candy hearts as place markers in this Valentine’s Day game that every kid loves to play. Get the printable from XOmisso.

with additional reporting by Taylor Clifton

 

When they’re not having fun finding pots of gold or searching for leprechauns, your little learners will love trying out some St. Patrick’s Day science activities! From rainbows to shamrocks, there is so much to learn from the icons surrounding St. Patrick’s Day. If you want more, check out our roundup of fun and easy science experiments for kids.

Make Leprechaun Slime

Learn about viscosity by making leprechaun slime complete with gold flakes!

Make a Leprechaun Trap

little boy who made a leprechaun trap
Amber Guetebier

This is one of our favorite St. Patrick's day activities for preschoolers. Bust out your STEM hats and plan how you are going to catch your very own leprechaun. Start with a shoebox and see where the imagination takes you! 

Create a Fizzing Rainbow

We love this colorful idea where you create your own fizzing rainbow. Be sure to put a paper towel underneath your creation. You can dry it in the sun and hang it in your window!

Related: Everything You Need to Trap a Leprechaun This St. Patrick’s Day

Crystal Shamrocks

Little Bins for Little Hands

You can't celebrate St. Paddy's Day without a few shamrocks! This year, let science take the wheel and grow a few crystal shamrocks with a few easy steps from Little Bins for Little Hands. All you need is a few pipe cleaners and borax and you'll be on your way in no time.

Leprechaun Sand

Live Well Play Together

This messy but fun activity from Live Well Play Together lets kids see how baking soda and vinegar interact, in St. Patrick's Day style. With minimal supplies, this is a perfect afternoon activity that involves basic household supplies you probably have already.

Magic Leprechaun Rocks

Gift of Curiosity

These homemade leprechaun rocks from Gift of Curiosity are a perfect blend of educational and fun! The "magic" rocks are made from green-dyed baking soda and water that conceal a gold coin. You'll have the ultimate scavenger hunt when the kiddos "wash" this at the end!

Rainbow Density Experiment

123 Homeschool 4 Me

Let rainbows do the talking with this educational experiment from 123 Homeschool 4 Me. Your littles will learn all about density and liquids with this simple activity that involves household supplies you probably already have!

Skittles Rainbow Science Investigation

Taste the rainbow! This delicious St. Patrick’s Day activity for preschoolers from Fantastic Fun & Learning uses everyone’s favorite rainbow candy to explore the impact of water and how it can physically change an object. This is a great (and tasty) afternoon activity for young learners.

Walking Water

This festive-colored experiment is perfect for St. Patrick’s Day. Let your kiddos learn the science behind “capillary action” and how it plays into the real world. Get more details from Walking Cartwright here.

Related: 23 St. Patrick’s Day Jokes for Your Little Leprechaun

Homemade Spectroscope

Buggy & Buddy

When you craft your own spectroscope, you'll get to see all sorts of rainbows! This easy idea from Buggy & Buddy uses household supplies that come together in a jiffy, but provide hours of fun and learning.

Rainbow Shamrock Salt Painting

Rhythms of Play

Learn all about the shapes of shamrocks and how colors travel down salt in this colorful project from Rhythms of Play. Kids will exercise their fine motor skills and artistic prowess in this fun St. Patrick's Day science activity. 

 

 

 

Got too much Halloween candy hanging around? Try these Halloween science experiments to use up that candy you don’t want to eat

Looking to unload some of your kids’ massive candy stash? Make like Bill Nye and use it up in Halloween science experiments. From melting marshmallows to growing Gummy Bears, make good use of your leftover Halloween sweets with these 10 yummy science experiments for kids. Bonus points for making a hypothesis and taking notes on each science project!

Candy Reactions

https://www.instagram.com/p/CHMAt2cFgBs/?hidecaption=true

Try putting certain candies like candy corn into test tubes and see the different reactions! Try it with vinegar, soda, or whatever you can come up with.

Skittles Rainbow 

Melissa Heckscher

You'll be doing more than just tasting the rainbow. Put some Skittles into water and marvel as the colored coating dissolves into an Instagram-worthy design. Head to Little Bins for Little Hands to get the science behind the sugar.

Exploding Peep Geysers

Halloween science Experiments
Melissa Heckscher

Poor Peeps; they're just so much fun to torture. This easy science experiment teaches your kids a little bit about how microwaves work—at the expense of a few marshmallow candies. Just put those Peeps into a bottle, stick ‘em in the microwave, and watch as they erupt. It's quick and sticky fun, but kids will love watching those sugary faces expand and explode. Get all the details at Housing a Forest.

Related: Simple Science Experiments with 5 Supplies or Less

Make a Mentos Geyser

Steve Spangler's Geyser Tubes on Amazon

Kids will happily hand over an entire pack of Mentos to watch a soda geyser explode skyward. Just drop a few Mentos into a bottle of soda and stand back! Charlene at My Frugal Adventures explains how it's done.

Gummy Bear Science

Halloween science experiments
Melissa Heckscher

Plunk a few Gummy Bears into different solutions and let them sit for a few days to see what happens. Kids will love checking in on their bears every day for a status update. Get more ideas on how to do it here.

Related: 6 Ways to Make Ice Cream without an Ice Cream Maker

Take the “m” Off the m&ms

Halloween science experiments
Holly Hopson

M&Ms may not melt in your hands, but it turns out they may not last so long when plopped into a cup of water. Kids will love watching the "m" peel off their m&ms; parents will love the patience this experiment requires of their little scientists. Little Bins for Little Hands has the scoop.

Dancing Gummy Worms

Bitz 'n Giggles

Observe as a simple chemical reaction makes a bunch of yummy Gummy Worms come alive. Younger kids will think you've actually put life into candy; older kiddos will be simply mesmerized. Sara at Bitz 'n Giggles takes you step by step through the process (Note: Make sure your baking soda is fresh; we tried this with long-opened baking soda and our worms hardly moved).

Jellybean Taste Test

Halloween science experiments
Christie at Childhood 101

Your child might say he likes blue jelly beans the best, but is it a taste thing? This experiment explores the relationship between sight and taste as kids are asked to identify the kind of bean they’re tasting without seeing it. Christie at Childhood 101 has more.

Related: Sink, Swim, & Float! 6 Sensational Science Experiments

Sink or Float - Hypothesis Tester

Halloween science experiments
Melissa Heckscher

This experiment lets kids make a hypothesis and test it. Which candies will sink, which will float— and why? Get more ideas here.

Balancing with M&Ms

Inspiration Laboratories

Give kids a simple physics lesson with this experiment that lets them balance various objects against a handful of m&ms. Another opportunity for kids to hypothesize— and a great excuse for them to eat enough m&ms to make the scale even. Get inspired from Mama Trisha at Inspiration Laboratories.

Related: This Simple Static Electricity Experiment will Impress Your Kids

Halloween science experiments
Melissa Heckscher

Candy + Balloons + Soda = ?? 
See what happens when you fill a balloon with Pop Rocks and dump it all into a bottle of soda. Then, try it again with Nerds candy. Your kids will be amazed at which one blows the bigger balloon. Get the simple steps over at Learn Play Imagine.

Fall science experiments are perfect for when the weather cools off

It’s that time of year again! Your kids can’t wait to skip, jump, and hop into the Mount Everest-worthy pile of leaves that’ll soon be collecting in your backyard. And, with the start of the new season comes the chance for a whole new lineup of kids’ activities and fall science experiments. If your little explorer loves Halloween slime, falling fall leaves, and pumpkins, we’ve got the ultimate list of fall science experiments, and even a few fall science experiments for preschoolers. And bonus—they’re an educational (but still entirely entertaining) alternative to screen time. And, when you’re done with these, try out these fun potions just for kids.

Sink or Float Fall Edition

This fun experiment is always interesting, but add some fall items like (fake) pumpkins, leaves, rocks, and acorns to give it a cozy vibe.

Apple Browning Experiment

https://www.instagram.com/p/CFka3VWH8e8/?hidecaption=true

Ever wonder why apples don’t stay the same color? Us too. Have your kids take the steps to find out how and why this happens by checking out this experiment.

Salt Crystal Fall Leaf Science Experiment

This fall science experiment is one of the prettiest we’ve tried. With simple instructions and gorgeous results, preschoolers especially love this one. Get the tutorial here.

Nature Walk

fall science experiments
Michael Podger via Unsplash

What could be easier than going outside and taking a walk? The fall season means that there are plenty of changes to see outdoors. Bring a pad and a pencil to take notes or a sketchbook to draw. Ask your child a few open-ended questions about what they see and the season (such as, "Why do you think the trees look different now?" Along with the leaves in the trees, encourage your child to look for autumn animals or insects—or ask why they don't see as many critters and creatures as they would have a few short months ago.

Insider tip: Need more fall activities for kids? Here are 50+ ways to spend time as a family this fall. 

Related: Under Pressure! 10 At-Home Science Experiments That Harness Air

Halloween Slime

Mini Monets and Mommies

Slime science is always welcome with the pint-sized set. Try this recipe from Mini Monets and Mommies to make not-so-spooky Halloween slime, add glow-in-the-dark glue for a creepy type of cool or make a ghoulishly ghost version that shimmers with a hint of silver glitter. 

Insider tip: if your kids love slime as much as ours do, kick the fun up a notch with this recipe for DIY boogers (yep, you read that right).

Glowing Milk

fall science experiments
Learn Play Imagine

This kind of spooky science experiment is magic milk. That's right—magic. If your kid wants to make have a good time, head over to Learn Play Imagine for the how-to. 

Related: 6 Incredibly Easy Rainbow Science Experiments

Tissue Transfer Experiment

Mini Monets and Mommies

These color-changing leaves from Mini Monets and Mommies are more than just seasonal decor. Use tissue paper to test how the color moves from one surface onto another, creating red, orange, or yellow leaves in a magical moment—all while your little investigator is exploring the scientific process. Soak a paper leaf (that your kiddo draws) with water and place the non-colorfast tissue paper on top.

What happens next? Your child can make a prediction, test it, and compare the results to what they thought would happen. Afterward, encourage your child to talk about how the tissue's color ended up on the paper and why other types of objects might not produce the same effects.

Pumpkin Seed Science

fall science experiments with pumpkin seeds
Erica Loop

This sensory activity is ideal for little scientists who are into making hands-on discoveries. When you carve your family's jack o'lantern, let the kiddos close their eyes and describe what the inside of the pumpkin feels like. Then, clean and dry the seeds and have your child add a few drops of red, orange, or yellow food coloring into a bag, toss in the seeds and coat them. When they're dry, the seeds are perfect for making mini mosaics or other types of seasonal art. Not only is this sensory exploration an artsy adventure, but it's also a lesson in the plant life cycle. Save a few seeds and plant them in indoor pots, creating a second fall science activity!

Related: 26 Edible Science Experiments Worth a Taste

Exploding Pumpkins Science Experiment

Little Bins for Little Hands

By now you've probably parented for long enough to have tried the good ol' baking soda and vinegar volcano more than a few times. This fall-themed take on the classic from Little Bins for Little Hands is a scientific exploration that will make a mess in the most magnificent way possible!

Fall Color Science

Greg Shield via Unsplash

Why do leaves change color in the fall? That's a tricky one to explain to your child. That is, without the help of a hands-on experiment to do the "talking." If you're not sure where to start, check out this simple exploration from How We Learn

Related: 7 Sun-Science Experiments to Make Your Day

Fall Scents Science

fall science experiments
Asia Citro via Fun at Home with Kids

With this imaginative experiment from Fun At Home With Kids, your kiddo can combine the sensory science of the fall season with a creative craft. Encourage your child to ask questions about the senses and talk about how people can explore through them (including the sense of sight, taste, smell, touch, and hearing). As your child mixes, mashes, stretches, and smashes the scented dough, ask open-ended questions, such as, "How does the dough feel on your hands?" and, "What can you smell?" Your child can even create an accompanying chart, comparing the play dough scent to different foods. 

Apple Taste Test

fall science experiments
Mama Papa Bubba

The tastes, scents, and sights of fall are here! And your child is ready to explore what the season has to offer. Try a sensory science exploration with this apple-tasting activity from Mama Papa Bubba.

Insider tip: if you're looking for great apple recipes, click here. 

Related: It’s Alive! Gross (But Cool) Science Experiments for Kids

Candy Creations

fall science experiments
Lemon Lime Adventures

This STEM idea from Lemon Lime Adventures takes autumn engineering to the next level. Your little learner can explore the art of building, getting hands-on with concepts such as form vs. function, balance, and weight distribution. 

Insider tip: For ways to use up leftover Halloween candy, check out our ideas here. 

 

 

 

We’ve got glow-in-the-dark science worthy of any home laboratory

Calling all mad—we mean mom—scientists (and daring dads, too)! Try these six glow-in-the-dark science experiments for kids after the sun goes down: we promise they will light up your night. For more projects, check out our ultimate list of science experiments for kids.

Don’t miss any of these experiments! Save this list to Pinterest by clicking here.

Glowing Bicycle Spokes

use bicycle spokes for a glow in the dark science experiment
iStock

If you're looking for a fast fix on fun, snap a few glow sticks and affix them to the spokes of a bike. When it gets dark, turn the kiddos loose on their wheels and enjoy an eerily dazzling light display. If you want to up the creativity quotient, try rearranging the glow sticks to make new patterns. Just remember to attach them well, as they have a way of taking flight!

The Science Lesson: Sensory Memory
Riddle us this: Why do the three or four glow sticks you affixed to the bike spokes give the appearance of one solid line while the wheels are spinning? It's not because you're seeing the trailing lights from the glow stick. You are experiencing something known as iconic memory, which is sensory memory—or the shortest-term memory you have—that allows your mind to store an image for the few moments your brain needs to process what it has seen.

Glowing, Smoking, Bubbles

Add a little dry ice to bubble solution and the contents of an activated glow stick and get ready to rock the glow-in-the-dark scene in your neighborhood. Owlcation whipped up an awesome glow-in-the-dark science experiment to create glowing bubbles, and The Maker Mom thought to add dry ice to the same experiment here. The bubbles are out of this world—they glow and rise from the smoke. Naturally, we recommend an adult to handle the dry ice (skin contact can burn) and supervise this experiment.

The Science Lesson: Sublimation
When a substance passes directly from a solid phase to a gas phase without ever becoming a liquid, it sublimates. Dry ice sublimates to gas, and the bubbles encapsulate the gas. Activated liquid from the glow stick adds to the excitement and is an example of a chemiluminescent, or a light that is produced as an energy byproduct when a chemical reaction takes place.

Glowing Pumpkin Guts Slime

pumpkin slime glow-in-the-dark science experiment
Little Bins for Little Hands

For all you gore-lovers, this experiment by Little Bins for Little Hands is low on trickery and high on thrills. We used it for our inspiration, then added a little glow stick juice to the mix. Why convert pumpkin guts into a slimy putty when you can convert them into a slimy, glowing putty? Using nothing more than the contents of a glow stick, glue, and starch, you'll have a perfectly putrid pumpkin concoction in no time.

The Science Behind the Spooky: Polymers and Non-Newtonian Fluid
The white glue that's used as a base in this pumpkin slime is a polymer or a large chain of molecules made up of smaller units that repeat themselves. Liquid starch changes the structure of the glue's molecular chain, making it thicker, and turning it into a non-newtonian fluid. A non-Newtonian fluid is neither a true liquid nor a true solid. You can pick it up like a solid; however, it will begin to flow like a liquid (especially when heated) and will also take the shape of its container.

 

Glowing Bathwater

glowing bathwater
Fun at Home with Kids

With all the options for making something glow by using the contents of a glow stick out there, we loved finding Fun at Home with Kids' recipe for glowing water that uses nothing but ground-up vitamin B-50 and a black light. And since it's not sticky and non-toxic, this makes the perfect lure for getting your bitty bats into the bathtub after a full day of haunting. 

The Science Lesson: Phosphors versus Chemiluminescence
Vitamin B-50 is a phosphor, or a member of a group of substances that radiate visible light after being energized by a light source, such as the UV radiation from a black light. This particular glow is different from the light created by chemiluminescence—that is, the light is emitted as a product of a chemical reaction—which you find in a glow stick.

Glowing Oil and Water Experiment

glow in the dark science experiment
Growing a Jeweled Rose

We all know that oil and water just don't mix. But what happens when you make them glow, add kids, dim the lights, and fill their brains with words like "density" and "polarity"? Magic. That's right—Pure. Magic. We love the tutorial over at Growing a Jeweled Rose, and the best part about it is how you can turn your oil and water experiment into a DIY lava lamp when you're through.

The Science Lesson: Density and Polarity
An object's density—or how tightly packed together its molecules or atoms are—is a predictor of whether it will float or sink. Water molecules are more dense than oil molecules, and will always sink below oil. Additionally, water and oil have different polarities—or charges. Since water has both a negative and a positive charge, water molecules will attract other water molecules.

Glowing Sidewalk Chalk

glow in the dark science experiments
My Crazy Blessed Life

If you're really looking for some nighttime fun, you can't go wrong with this glowing sidewalk chalk. and then have them look out their windows before bedtime. This is a great one for National Night Out in August. Johanna at My Crazy Blessed Life inspired us to make our own glow-in-the-dark chalk, and we followed her recommendation to soak the chalk for two days before kicking up the fun factor with a black light.

The Science Lesson: Absorption and Properties of Salt
Chalk is a salt, and salts are all distinguished by their property to absorb water. So when you let a stick of chalk soak in glowing water overnight, it will not only absorb water but also the phosphorescent properties of the glowing agent in the water.

Related: 13 Fall Science Experiments Perfect for Kids

 

Here’s what all those bubbles and foam really mean

As schools start to let out for the summer, parents everywhere are starting to mentally prepare themselves for occupying their kids at home. Get started early with this fun demo video for the beaker volcano science project from The Dad’s Book of Awesome Science Experiments.

The science behind, “But, why?”

Don’t get caught off guard by your kids’ science questions! You and your family can learn about chemistry with this amazing beaker volcano science project! Best of all, this experiment can be tossed together with just vinegar, baking soda, red dye, a baker, toilet paper, and string. This is a science experiment that also expertly mimics what happens under the earth’s crust to create volcanic eruptions.

Volcano Time!

If you grew up watching endless Brady Bunch reruns you’re probably familiar with Peter Brady’s volcano—a mud-spewing, steep-sided science project that sent showers of muck and sludge all over Peter’s sister, Marsha, and her snooty friends. It was the coolest thing ever.

There’s a good chance that this one episode alone launched our love affair with kitchen-sink volcano projects—an experiment so simple that you and your lab partner can most likely do it right now with stuff you already have in the kitchen. All you really need is vinegar, baking soda, and a bottle to mix them in, but it is much cooler to use good ol’ fashioned backyard dirt to construct a volcano model around the bottle first and then conduct the experiment. Either way you do it, this is a science experiment with serious thrills. But it also expertly mimics what happens under the earth’s crust to create volcanic eruptions.

Here’s Why the Volcano Science Project Works

When the solid baking soda (sodium bicarbonate—a base) mixes with the liquid vinegar (acetic acid—a weak acid), a chemical reaction occurs and forms a gas (carbon dioxide). All those bubbles and foam? They’re evidence of gas, and as the gas expands, it looks for an escape route for all that built-up pressure. So the foam and bubbles rise until they flood out of your bottle’s opening. Pretty much the same exact thing is happening under the earth right now. The earth’s crust is made up of many sections of super thick shell—65-plus miles thick!—called tectonic plates that are always moving, very slowly, over the much, much hotter inner earth. Most of the world’s volcanoes are found where two or more of these tectonic plates meet one another. Sometimes those plates shift and sometimes they collide, forming escape routes in the earth’s crust for molten rocks and gas, called magma. Much like the carbon dioxide in your baking soda–vinegar experiment seeks the quickest escape route to relieve pressure, the gases in the underground magma do the same thing before erupting out of a volcano.

Not all eruptions are alike, however. Sometimes the gases in the magma are easily released from the earth’s crust and the result is a slow, oozing spread of superhot lava. But sometimes the gases stay trapped beneath cooled magma and rock building up pressure until they erupt in violent explosions that can send ash and boulders flying up to 20 miles high. In fact, airplane pilots keep track of volcano activity around the earth, just to be sure they don’t fly into clouds of dangerous ash.

Here’s What You Need for a Volcano Science Experiment

Baking soda
Vinegar
A bottle (a good vase with a wide bottom and slender top also works well, but use whatever you can find)
Red food dye String Toilet paper

Here’s What You Do

1. First add the vinegar to your bottle and dye it red with food coloring. Then, rip out a few sheets of toilet paper and make a pouch for the baking soda. Use your string to tie the pouch and then insert the pouch into your bottle, using the bottle cap to hold the other end of the string so that the pouch dangles above your “lava.” (See Fig. 1.)

2. If you’re feeling super science-y/crafty, let your lab partner shape a volcano model out of backyard mud and dirt around the bottle. Note: you don’t have to do this, but go big or go home, right?

3. When your volcano model is ready, lift the cap and watch the pouch drop into the lava. It will foam up slowly, mimicking the slow buildup of earth’s gases, until the vinegar fully soaks the tissue paper. Then, the fun really begins, as the foam begins to climb the bottle, looking for an escape route. Just stand back, and watch the foam erupt. It’s really that easy!

Want More?

There are many, many ways to perform this experiment, so don’t be afraid to get creative. Try mixing the vinegar and baking soda in a bottle, and then quickly place a balloon over the bottle opening. While this doesn’t create a lava explosion, the gases will inflate the balloon. Pretty cool, right? Or, put baking soda in a small snack-size zip bag and seal it tightly with a bit of air in the bag. Place the baking soda bag in a larger zip bag that is filled with vinegar and seal that bag tightly, with as little air as possible in the big bag. Now use your fist to smash the tiny baking soda bag and stand back. You just made a sandwich bag bomb, using the same chemical reactions as your volcano.

Related: 60+ Science Experiments for Kids to Try at Home

Mike Adamick is the author of The Dad's Book of Awesome Projects, The Dad's Book of Awesome Science Experiments, and The Dad's Book of Awesome Recipes, and a stay-at-home dad who writes for the Adventures in Learning science blog at PBS.org, the San Francisco Chronicle, KQED Radio, Disney's parenting website, Babble.com, and the Daddy Issues column on Jezebel.com.

Get outside, have an epic adventure, and learn something new

Want to get outside, have an epic adventure, and learn something new? Try an at-home science experiment to really blow their minds. From walking on eggshells to becoming one with slime, we’ve got everything you need to get a big reaction from your kids. Keep reading for 20 great science experiments and projects that keep fun going.

Walk on Eggs

Photo: S. Massey

How can you walk on eggs without breaking them? Steve Spengler shows us how and teaches an awesome lesson on how an egg’s unique shape gives it tremendous strength, despite its seeming fragility. Check out this play-by-play to get started.

 

Insider tip: if this experiment has you in the mood for eggs, check out our list of the best egg-cellent egg recipes for kids. 

Sketch a Shadow

See what happens when you set up toys on paper in the sun, and try tracing their shadows at different times of the day. You can draw right on the sidewalk with chalk, too. Pick toys with distinctive outlines to make it easier. For more science fun in the sun, click here.

Insider tip: we love sidewalk chalk as much as you do. In fact, we compiled the best ways for kids to play outside with chalk. Scoop the story here

Experiment with Slime

Photo: Little Bins for Little Hands

By now, you've accepted your kids love of the gross. And, you've probably either tried to figure out what to do with the slime your kids have brought home, or you've ponied up and made it with them yourself. Check out this awesome collection of science experiments by Little Bins for Little Hands with ideas for testing a hypothesis, changing one ingredient to affect an outcome and more. 

 

Insider tip: wondering why exactly your kids are fascinated with slime? There's an actual science behind it. Hop over to this video for the explanation. 

Make a Rainbow

Photo: Trini3680 via pixabay

Some days, you have to make your own sunshine. And on those days, you should go ahead and make your own rainbows, too. Luckily for us, we've got more than one way to do it. Check out these six ways six ways to wow them with a little over-the-rainbow science. 

 

Insider tip: after all of these kids science experiments, you deserve a colorful treat. Taste the rainbow (literally) with these great rainbow recipes for kids. 

Percolate a Jug of Sun Tea

There might not be a better summertime science experiment than making a jug of sweet tea using nothing but sunshine. You'll learn more from this science lesson on heat (how long will it take to really diffuse the tea bags or fresh herbs, and how heat creates currents in the water) if you remember not to shake it or stir it. Just let nature take its course (and check out this tutorial and explanation of sun tea here).

Explode a Lunch Bag

Photo: S. Massey

Mix baking soda and vinegar mix together to make a booming bag. Gasses (carbon dioxide) need more room than liquids and solids, so throw a little of that in and the bag expand until it pops. Click here for Science Bob’s case notes and to learn how to do it for the biggest bang!

Create a DIY Sundial

Photo: S. Massey

Take advantage of the changing days and do a little solar searching. Since the Earth is in constant rotation around the sun, and also in constant rotation on its axis (whew!), a sundial lets us keep track of time. Want to learn more? Check out this activity by Kiwi Crate.

 

Insider tip: harness the sun's energy for your next kids science experiment. We've uncovered even more kids sun science experiments to make your day. 

Make a Magic Bag

Photo: S. Massey

How many pencils can you poke into plastic? Find out all about polymers and why plastic is so pliable. Check out Steve Spangler Science for your list of simple ingredients and instructions. You’ll have hours of science fun (but we warn you—turning the bag into a sprinkler is almost as fun as the experiment!).

Compare Melt Rates of Colors

kids doing at-home science experiments
Photo: S. Massey

Different colors have different heat absorbing capacities. Black has the greatest heat absorbing capacity, which results in ice melting quicker than on white, which reflects the most light. Green Planet Solar Energy shows you how to observe and report on which colors affect ice’s melting rates here.

Predict Weather with a Pinecone

Photo: S. Massey

Mother Nature has taken over for your local meteorologist. Pine cones open and close based on the humidity in the air, so set a few outdoors, and check them in the morning. What's the scoop? When the air is drier, the pine cones open up so the feather-light seeds inside can travel away from the parent plant (which doesn’t want to compete for resources with a sapling!). To find out more, check out this experiment on Science-Sparks.

Launch a Ping Pong Ball

Photo: S. Massey

If only you'd known about this simple science project before buying a pricey toy to do the same thing. Using a yardstick and a can, launch a ping-pong ball over and over again to see how far it will go. Ensure extra fun by experimenting with size and shape of objects to launch and by adjusting the size of the fulcrum (the can), too. Check out the how-to on Buggy and Buddy.

Watch Water Walk

Photo: S. Massey

Who knew the magic of a strong paper towel (other than every parent on the planet!)? Amaze the kids by using one to make water walk from one cup to another, and teach them about absorption, saturation and gravity at the same time. Check out Coffee Cups and Crayons for step-by-step instructions.

 

Insider tip: for more great water projects for kids, check out these science experiments.

Make Raisins

Photo: S. Massey

Grapes are made up of lots of water. The heat from the sun causes the water to evaporate from the grapes, and it also caramelizes the sugar in a grape, making it sweeter. Get your recipe from Planet Science here.

Paint with a Pendulum

Photo: S. Massey

This pendulum project is a much cooler way to learn about gravity than getting smacked in the head with an apple (looking at you Newton!). What's the scoop? Gravity attracts the cup with paint, but tension force from the pivot point pulls the cup upward. See how to do this experiment at Hand Make Kids Art.

 

Insider tip: for the littlest littles get them in on the science fun and make your own DIY baby-safe finger paint with our recipe here

Launch a Water Propelled Bottle Rocket

No jetpacks are needed for this awesome experiment. This fireless bottle rocket relies on the power of pressure to fly. Pump the bottle full of air, and eventually, enough pressure builds to force the bottle off the cork, displacing water (and creating room for all the air) as it goes. Head to Science-Sparks for your list of materials and construction instructions.

Stick to Ice

Photo: Kiwi Co

When you add salt to a bowl full of ice cubes and string, it lowers the freezing temperature of the ice, which allows the ice to melt, then re-freeze over the string. Check out Kiwi Crate to learn how to do it!

Bounce Smoke Bubbles

There's something about bubbles, and these dry ice versions are going to make the littles go wild. Add carbon dioxide to water, engage the use of a funnel and send the gas into bubble solution. The bubbles filled with gas from the reaction of carbon dioxide and water is a sweet sight! Steve Spangler Science can walk you through how to do it, and the materials you’ll need.

Insider tip: goodbye bubble wands, hello DIY bubbles. Learn how to make your own bubbles here. 

Erupt an Ice Volcano

at home science experiments
S. Massey

Much like in the exploding bag experiment, Ice Volcanos rely on the acid-base reaction of vinegar and baking soda to create an “eruption.” Find out how to make them at Reading Confetti and don't forget to add color for extra thrills!

Make Dish Soap Silly Putty

Photo: S. Massey

Is there anything you can't make with cornstarch? Combine it with dish soap and dilute the neutral base (the cornstarch) to make an ooey gooey substance. Find out about a process called syneresis, which is why the putty mixture stays so malleable. Get your recipe from Smart Schoolhouse here!

Cook with the Sun

Talk about whipping up an afternoon snack for your science buddies. Trap the sun’s energy to make the air inside the box hotter than the air outside the box. Then add aluminum foil to the flap to direct those burning rays into the box. The plastic wrap keeps the heat inside. The best news about this experiment? It makes killer s’mores! Check out NASA Climate Kids to learn how to make it.

Insider tip: keep the science fun cooking by making your own s'mores (sans campfire). Check out our tutorial here. 

 

 

We all want our little Einsteins to tinker and experiment—but we don’t always want them to do it near nice furniture. So how about taking all that drippy genius outside? Whether you want to play with paint-laden pendulums or watch epic (but safe!) explosions, making a mess is half the fun. These easy outdoor science experiments for kids allow you to set up for science in the backyard, but if you’re looking for indoor ideas, check out our ultimate list of science experiments for kids.

Make a Sundial

Unravel the mysteries of time. Or at least figure out the basics by setting up a sundial outdoor science experiment. Take time each hour to check the sun’s positioning and make note of it so your sidekick can see the bigger picture.

Insider tip: for even more fun-in-the-sun science for kids, check out these solar science experiments you’ll love.

Painting Pendulum

pendulum art, science in the backyard
Melissa Heckscher

Here's a physics and an art lesson in one fun activity! Kids will learn about the forces of gravity and motion by designing a pendulum that can paint. Use watered-down craft paint and capture your art on paper, or mix your own sidewalk chalk paint and make swirled masterpieces on your driveway. Innovation Kids Lab has easy instructions. 

Insider tip: while you're outside on the sidewalk, check out these great sidewalk science experiments for serious non-stop fun. 

Make Your Own Bouncy Balls

DIY bouncy balls, outdoor science experiments
Melissa Heckscher

A little glue, some corn starch, and borax powder are all you'll need to make bouncy balls worthy of a gumball machine. Kids will have almost as much fun playing with these balls as they do making them. Get the simple instructions for this backyard science experiment at Kids Activities Blog—or, if you only have clear glue, find an alternate recipe here.

Make Elephant Toothpaste

elephant toothpaste, science in the backyard, backyard science
Melissa Heckscher

This is one of those oldies but goodies the kids will want to do again and again (so stock up on hydrogen peroxide and yeast now). This one guarantees a fun, foamy chemical reaction—with just a few simple steps. Scientific American has a great tutorial here

Make Simple Explosions

sandwich bag explosions, science in the backyard, backyard science, outdoor science experiments
Melissa Heckscher

Looking for a science experiment with a little POP? This easy science project takes cues from the vinegar-and-baking-soda bandwagon but does so with a bang. Get the easy steps for (harmless) explosive action at Science Bob (There's a great video to watch here, too.). Perfect for a day of science in the backyard. 

Related: 60+ Science Experiments for Kids to Try at Home

Floating Beach Balls

little girl and dad playing with a beach ball outside
iStock

Kids may not fully understand what Bernoulli's Principle is, but they'll love seeing it in action as they watch a beach ball "magically" floating above a leaf blower—even at an angle! Get the instructions (and other fun leaf-blower experiments) at Fizzics Education.

See Photosynthesis in Action

Allison Sutcliffe

It’s the things that kids can’t see that make science so exciting, and also a little confusing. That’s why we love this surprisingly simple experiment from Edventures with Kids. With a few supplies and a bit of wait time, your budding botanist can “see” photosynthesis in action.

Polymer Chains Experiment

polymer chains science experiment, science in the backyard, little boy doing backyard science, little boy doing outdoor science experiments
Shelley Massey

Before you start this experiment, have your sidekick predict what will happen when they start pushing pencils through a water-filled bag. They'll have the chance to (literally) poke holes in their own theory once they give it a try, thanks to the polymer chains that keep the plastic from leaking. Get the important details to set up at Steve Spangler Science.

 

Wingardium Leviosa

little boy doing science in the backyard
Allison Sutcliffe

The (air) pressure’s on in this sweet outdoor science experiment that lets your kids levitate water over an unsuspecting friend’s… or better yet, a deserving sibling’s head. To try it at home, follow these easy instructions from Steve Spangler Science, and keep a towel at the ready… just to be on the safe side!

 

Balloon Rockets

Shelley Massey

What Do We Do All Day proves once again that science doesn’t have to be boring with this exciting experiment that’s a study in propulsion as much as it is a fast-paced racing game. Use her helpful suggestions to really delve into (and add scientific challenges to) this project. Get ready, get set, go! 

Related: 20 Sidewalk Science Projects to Try Outside Today

DIY Tide Pools

backyard science, science in the backyard, tidepool science
Buggy and Buddy

The ebb and flow of ocean waters is the focus of this experiment designed by Buggy and Buddy. Find out how to set up the microcosmic world in your backyard, using a few easy-to-find supplies. Then let your budding oceanographer loose on this fun backyard science activity. 

Make Sun Prints Fabric

sun fabric, backyard science, science in the backyard
Tinkerlab

You gotta love a two-fer! Our current fave is this gorgeous art project from Tinkerlab that doubles as a backyard science experiment. All it takes is a little sunlight and artistic vision to give this one a try!

Make Simple Machines

simple engineering projects are great for science in the backyard
Buggy and Buddy

How far? How high? And how many? These are just a few of the questions your budding physicist will be able to answer after he builds a simple lever machine. Find out how to put it all together and design easy experiments at Buggy and Buddy. Who knew snow in the summer could be so fun?

 

Keep Paper Dry in Water

little boy doing science in the backyard
Allison Sutcliffe

This backyard science experiment will leave your kids wondering how the paper towel stayed dry… even after they dunk it in water. Psst… the secret’s in the air trapped inside the cup. Get more details from Cool Science Experiments Headquarters.

 

Let’s just all agree—eggs are pretty amazing! They are surprisingly strong and you can use them to do all sorts of STEM activities to learn about osmosis, strength, air pressure and physics. Use your bounty of Easter eggs to try out some of these science experiments with eggs!

Walk on Eggs

Photo: S. Massey

How can you walk on eggs without breaking them? An egg’s unique shape gives it tremendous strength, despite its seeming fragility. 

Insider tip: if this science experiment has you in the mood for eggs, check out our list of the best egg-cellent egg recipes for kids

Make Eggs Magical

This “look ma, no hands, wires or mirrors” trick will get them every time; an egg being sucked into a jar while your little scientist delightedly looks on is always a hit. To perform this illusory feat, you’ll need a glass jar with an opening just smaller than an egg (think: old school milk jug) and a peeled, boiled egg. When you and your little scientist have checked these items off your list, it’s time to start the show. Mom or dad should toss a lit match into the glass jar, followed by your mini lab assistant, who’ll quickly set the egg over the opening. Abracadabra! Alakazam! The match dies out; the egg gets (seemingly) inexplicably sucked into the bottle. And just like that you’ve performed another bit of parent magic without breaking a sweat.

Why it works: The match uses up the air inside the bottle. Once that happens the pressure outside the bottle is greater and pushes the egg down into the bottle.

Squeeze an Egg

Science Sparks

You may have seen this science experiment with eggs make its way around TikTok this past summer with people trying to crush an egg with their biceps. You'll find the science behind it described on Science-Sparks and everyone will be cringing when little hands put the big squeeze on a fragile egg. Try as you might, that baby won’t break (until you crack it into a pan to make breakfast for dinner afterward). 

Brain Boost Factor: The egg’s shape is clearly stronger than it looks.

Disappearing Egg Shell

Go Science Kids

Can you and the kiddos solve the mysterious case of the disappearing egg shell? Following the simple how-to at Go Science Kids, you’ll learn the step-by-step and talking points about the process along the way. Warning! Although it’s totally non-toxic, toddler aged kids will be tempted to squeeze the egg at the end so keep an eye out!

Crystal Egg Geodes

This grow-your-own experiment that lets you grow crystals inside an egg shell. Be sure to get alum powder that contains potassium, or else you won't get any crystal growth. Adding drops of food dye to the growing solution yields some super cool crystals. A perfectly formed geode takes about 12-15 hours to grow, making this a great weekend project. Get the full scoop on how to do it from Learn to Grow.

The Egg Drop Challenge

If you have fond memories of building your own egg drop contraption for high school Physics class, this is a great one to share with the kids. They'll love learning all the science behind what can protect the egg and constructing their own egg drop contraption. Get the full scoop here

Eggs and Osmosis

Teach kids all about how liquids pass through semi-permeable membranes in this fun science experiment with eggs from the QuadSquad

Make a Folding Egg

Kids will love being able to bounce this egg between their hands and fold it up into their pocket during this egg science experiment. How does it work? Steve Spangler shows you in this video

—Taylor Clifton & Kate Loweth

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