ML Interest Tag: social-skills

6 Common Mistakes Parents Make When Starting Solids

by Tonilyn Hornung

So, you’re ready to start your baby on solid foods. At 6 months old, your little one meets the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended age to begin their foodie journey. You’ve talked to your pediatrician and decided to tempt your baby’s developing taste buds with some yummy single-ingredient bites like bananas, apples, or (my son’s absolute favorite) sweet potatoes. Now comes the big question: How are you feeling? 

It’s normal to be a little (or a lot) nervous when your baby reaches a new milestone, and starting solids is no different. There’s the timing, whether you try baby-led weaning or purées, potential allergies, and the mess of it all. But on the plus, it’s a fun new activity to do with your baby and produces the cutest faces ever. (The way they pucker when they taste lemon? Chef’s kiss.) Plus, there’s nothing to fear because we’re here to help you understand the finer points of feeding. We asked the experts to reveal the most common mistakes parents and caregivers make when starting solids so you can support your baby (and yourself!) during this new and exciting stage. Here’s what they had to say.

1. Not managing expectations

Lots of parents have a preconceived idea of what this new world of solids is going to be like, coloured by loved ones, movies and TV shows, and our own imaginations. You’ll be thrilled when your infant takes to bananas and wants them all the time… until you realize that after each meal you’ll be picking clumps of the sticky fruit off the wall (and out of your hair). So managing your expectations is key off the bat.

“We tend to think that eating is an inherent skill that we’re all born knowing how to do, but that’s actually not true,” says Jenny Friedman MS, RD, Pediatric Dietitian and author of the book Stories of Extreme Picky Eating. Eating is a learned skill and it’s complicated, not to mention the fact that young babies have a natural tongue thrust reflex that pushes food out of their mouths, so Friedman says knowing that your little one will take time to learn and need to explore is helpful. In this case, playing with your food can be a good thing, and Friedman says being open and supportive through this process is a good way to start solid foods. 

2. Being unprepared

When you’re starting solids you’ll also want to gear up on some practical knowledge. “Make sure you’re updated on safety and first aid courses,” says Melanie Potock, MA, CCC-SLP, a speech-language pathologist who specializes in pediatric feeding and author of the book Responsive Feeding. This way you’ll feel more confident going in. 

You’ll also want to read up on the different schools of thought on how to approach solid foods. You pretty much have three options, explains Potock: parent or caregiver spoon-feeding with purées, baby-led-weaning where babies practice their motor skills by feeding themselves, or a hybrid approach. Understanding each method allows you to pivot if your chosen technique doesn’t match your infant’s preference. “In my experience, most parents do a hybrid approach to feeding,” says Potock. 

3. Starting too early or too late

Are you trying to figure out when your babe is ready to start solids? There are guidelines for that. Both Potock and Freidman cite the AAP’s suggestion to begin solids at around 6 months old, and the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers benchmarks like your baby being able to support themselves while sitting up in a high chair, and trying to grab for small objects. Freidman says ideally your infant should also show some interest in food such as paying attention to the snack you’re eating and even grabbing for it. When all of these signs align, talk to your pediatrician about the feeding process and create a plan that works for you and your little one. 

If your baby shows no interest in the sweetness of their sweet potatoes at first, it doesn’t mean your timing is off. Friedman explains that lots of infants need more than one exposure to a certain food to become comfortable with it. Potock adds that you can help them become more accustomed to different oral sensations by regularly changing up their teethers to safe options in different sizes and textures.

It’s also important to be aware that during your feeds it’s normal for your baby to gag here and there, and is in no way an indication that they aren’t ready for solids. Friedman says gagging is fine because it’s actually a sign that your infant is able to clear food out of their throat. Gagging is a normal reflex that’s loud and can possibly turn your baby’s skin red, whereas choking is quiet and can possibly make baby’s skin turn bluish, according to the NHS. Should you have any concerns here, talk to your healthcare provider.

4. Throwing in the dish towel too quickly

Rumor has it that all babies fuss when starting solid foods and that picky eaters abound. This is why it’s easy to believe that your baby’s pained expression means they don’t relish eating peas—or does it? “Most babies will make faces and gag occasionally at the new sensory experience of eating solid foods,” Potock says. 

However, if you’re finding it hard to move past a particular bout of foodie fussiness, this may have more to do with an underlying issue like a missed nap or teething. In this case, Potock says to respect your child’s behavior and simply give them a break or try again another time. “In my experience, most babies do like most foods.” So, she encourages you not to draw any conclusions too soon about what your little likes and doesn’t like at this stage. 

It’s so important and valuable to introduce your infant to a variety of flavors, textures, and colors when trying out solids. “If your child doesn’t seem to like something right away or if they struggle to eat something, try again,” Friedman says. For example, an apple can be shredded, soft-boiled in halves, or served as applesauce.

5. Putting too much pressure on yourself

Having a shared dinner time can boost your child’s self-esteem, develop healthy eating habits, and improve communication skills, according to the Family Dinner Project.org. But while sharing a meal has proven benefits and might sound easy enough, experts acknowledge that it’s just not always realistic. “I’d love it if babies could be part of family meal times,” Potock says, “but in our busy world that’s not always possible.” 

Freidman echoes this sentiment, saying, “My number one recommendation is that families do what works for them.” She points out that eating together can help babies learn social skills and how to eat, engage, and share food, but that eating together is not a requirement given changing schedules, family commitments, and more. The good news is that even if only your babe is eating, you’re still spending time engaging with them and this is important, too. 

6. Not reading the cues

“Baby has their own internal cues to help them know when they’re full and when they’re hungry,” explains Potock. Being mindful of these signs is a solid way to help your tot enjoy the whole process. “We know for sure that paying attention to baby’s cues and creating positive energies around the experience will help baby look forward to the feeding experience.” While picking up on responsive feeding cues like an eager expression, leaning forward with anticipation, or attempting to self-feed can let you know your little one is ready to go, there are also cues to tell you they’re done the meal—such as head turning, arching their body forward, or no longer opening their mouth—and it’s important to listen. 

Reading your baby’s cues can go a long way in creating a healthy relationship with food, and Freidman emphasizes the importance of not forcing food when they’re giving you cues that they’re done. “Try to establish a responsive, respectful relationship while you’re feeding your kid,” she says. 

The Fun in Food

When it comes to starting solids with your kiddo, there’s definitely a learning curve, but there’s plenty of fun to be had too. Freidman says one of her biggest pieces of advice is remembering to give your babe room to explore—and that a little mess isn’t the end of the world. “When you’re constantly wiping your child’s mouth and catching their food, you’re minimizing their experience of exploration,” Freidman explains. “So wait until the end of the meal and then clean up.” 

And of course, all that mess lends itself to one last piece of advice from Potock: “Get the camera ready because it’s pretty cute!”

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47 Conversation Starters That’ll Get the Kids Talking

by Gabby Cullen

If you’ve ever asked your kids “How was your day?” and received what sounds like a grunt or the ever-popular “OK,” you’re not alone. Instead of letting family chats fall to the wayside, consider using conversation starters for kids during your next family dinner. Sure, gathering everyone for a meal might seem impossible, but it’s more important than ever; studies have shown that families that eat together often have healthier diets, increased communication, and overall emotional stability.

And, engaging your kids in conversation has other huge benefits. It helps them learn important social skills, boosts vocabulary, raises self-esteem (especially when you listen to their responses), and could lead to them opening up about things that might be bothering them. So, if you’ve come this far, congrats! The next step? Figuring out what to talk about at the table. That’s where our fun conversation starters for kids come in handy.

How to Use Conversation Starters

Time your questions.

If your kid is hungry, tired, or both, it might not be the best time to engage in elaborate table talk. Use conversation starters with kids when you aren’t rushing to get to practice, there isn’t homework to be finished, and everyone is in a good mood.

Listen to their answers.

So, their curiosity is piqued, and they’re thinking hard about what to say. You need to be present in the moment and listen. Kids’ self-esteem gets a boost when they know their parents are listening.

Don’t forget to ask open-ended questions.

Consider using conversation starters for kids that require more than yes or no answers. If kids (or anyone) have a chance to elaborate on their answers, that can open the door to more interesting conversations.

47 Conversation Starters for Kids

1. Can you guess the ingredients in the meal tonight?

2. What do you like better: waking up in the morning or going to bed at night?

3. Would you rather be a giant rodent or a tiny elephant?

4. What would you do if you had a million dollars?

5. If you had to eat a worm, how would you cook it?

6. What is a weird habit that you have?

7. If you had this week to do over again, what would you do differently?

8. Would you rather go without television or junk food for the rest of your life?

9. If a genie granted you three wishes, what would they be?

10. If money were no object, where would you like to go on vacation?

family laughing over conversation starters for kids during dinner
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11. Where is the most interesting place you have ever been to?

12. Would you rather swim with stingrays or explore the jungle?

13. If you could make any vegetable against the law, which would it be?

14. Would you rather not hear or not see?

15. Would you rather wrestle a lion or fight a shark?

16. If you were sent to live on a space station for three months and were only allowed to bring three personal items, what would they be?

17. If you had your human body but the head of an animal, what animal would you pick?

18. What is one favorite thing you do by yourself?

19. If you could read one person’s mind, whose would it be?

20. What two things do you consider yourself to be very good at?

family eating dinner at a restaurant
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21. Do you believe in extraterrestrials or life on other planets?

22. What is your favorite smell? What memory does it remind you of?

23. What is the weirdest thing you have ever eaten?

24. If you could be one character from a book for a day, who would it be and why?

25. What's the last thing that made you laugh?

26. Tell me about something that made you happy today.

27. What does a perfect day look like to you?

28. If you could have any animal for a pet, what would it be?

29. If you could be in the movie of your choice, what movie would you choose and what character would you play?

30. Would you rather wear your pants backward or shoes on the wrong feet?

family sharing dinner and conversation starters for kids
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31. What did you do to help someone else today?

32. What makes our family special?

33. What three words would you use to describe yourself?

34. What is your favorite song?

35. Would you rather be able to talk to animals or know how to speak every language? 

36. If you could be a sound, what would it be? 

37. If you could eat one food for the rest of your life, what would you pick? 

38. Who is your favorite movie character? 

39. If you had to make dinner tomorrow night, what would you make? 

40. If you were a parent, what rules would you have? Are they different from ours? 

41. What is your earliest memory? 

42. If you could only have three toys, which three would they be? 

43. If you could pick your name, what would it be? 

44. List three things you would do for a Yes Day. 

45. If you had to pick, would you live in the snow, near the beach, a city, or the country? 

46. What's something you always forget to do? 

47. If you could be a professional athlete, which sport would you pick? 

If you’re looking for real giggles, check out our favorite jokes for kids, and for other fun table talk questions, check out these would you rather questions for kids and would you rather questions for teens.

 

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What Is the Right Age to Start Kindergarten? (According to Experts)

by Melissa Heckscher

It’s hard to believe that little one, who used to fit snugly in the crook of your arm, is finally ready for kindergarten… or are they? Maybe you should wait another year? After all, what is the right kindergarten age? Especially since the practice of “redshirting” kids—giving them an extra year before starting kindergarten (making them one of the oldest as opposed to the youngest)—has risen in popularity. But like most trends in the parenting world, it leaves parents wondering if it is a good idea. That’s why we looked at the studies and asked experts to weigh in on what is the right age to start kindergarten. Here’s what we found.

Getting Kids Started in Kindergarten

The preschool years are over and it’s time to start kindergarten. But where do parents start? Where we do with all things—online and by asking other parents. Now is the time to check out your local school’s website or find and join parent Facebook pages or other social media accounts associated with the school. Other suggestions include talking to parents with older kids and asking your preschool teacher about local schools and expectations. There are lots of resources out there for parents with inquiring minds.

Kindergarten First-Year Enrollment

Although kindergarten enrollment varies from state to state, parents can expect to encounter some similar requirements no matter where they live. Here are a few universals:

  • In most states, kids must turn five years old by a certain date, usually September 1.
  • Many schools require kids to have certain vaccinations before starting school; check with your district about specific requirements.
  • Most will ask for proof of residence. A utility bill or other piece of mail works fine.
  • You may be asked to provide a copy of your child’s birth certificate to enroll.

What Do Kids Learn in Kindergarten?

Although the curriculum varies from district to district across the country, parents can count their kindergartners learning the alphabet, sight words, phonics, and basic sentence structure as part of Language Arts. Math covers basics like number recognition, counting, addition and subtraction, measurement, and basic geometry. Additionally, hands-on activities and play-based learning help kids learn about real-world concepts like weather, plants, and animals. But many would say the most important things kids learn in kindergarten support their social-emotional growth (or soft skills) like building relationships, solving conflicts, and developing empathy and self-awareness.

What is the difference between Transitional Kindergarten (TK) and Transitional to Elementary School (TES)?

Transitional Kindergarten (TK) is a two-year public school program designed for kids who turn 5 between September 2 and December 2 of the school year. It provides an additional year of instruction, focused on developing social-emotional skills, language and literacy, math, and physical development, to support kids who may not be ready for kindergarten.

Transitional to Elementary School (TES) is a program offered by preschools or childcare centers to prepare children for kindergarten. It typically focuses on language and literacy, math, social-emotional development, and basic self-help skills so kids can successfully transition to the academic and social expectations of kindergarten.

Related: How to Help Your Child Transition to Kindergarten Like a Pro

Pros of Delaying Kindergarten

three kids who are kindergarten age draw at a table with markers in the classroom
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Your kid will (probably) be more willing to sit still if given an extra year.

Whether or not your five-year-old will sit still during circle time or stay on task at writing centers (or at home) may depend on their age, since younger children generally have a harder time doing both. Studies have shown that kids are often misdiagnosed with behavior problems in kindergarten when in fact, the behaviors are just a matter of being younger than classmates. And, according to this Stanford University study, children who wait a year to enroll have significantly lower levels of inattention and hyperactivity—with results continuing even at age 11.

Your kid may be misdiagnosed with ADHD if they start too early.

All those wiggles in the classroom may have some unintended consequences for kids regarding the right age to start kindergarten. A 2018 study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that kids who turned five the month before starting kindergarten were more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than those who started the month that they turned six. "Our findings suggest the possibility that large numbers of kids are being overdiagnosed and overtreated for ADHD because they happen to be relatively immature compared to their older classmates in the early years of elementary school," said study author Timothy Layton, an assistant professor of health care policy at Harvard Medical School, in this article for Education Week. 

An older child will probably have an easier time saying goodbye to you.

Younger kids—especially those who haven’t attended a preschool program—may have a tougher time saying goodbye in the morning (and we all know how hard it is to leave a tearful tot at drop-off). Giving your child more time to become independent may help her let go when it’s time for the school day to start. with the in-home model of learning most schools will use this year, it may be challenging to start a drop-off situation mid-year should children resume in-class learning. 

Their fine motor skills will be more developed.

Older kids usually have an easier time with fine motor activities (holding a pencil and using scissors, for instance). Doing these things can help build confidence and make a kid more excited about their accomplishments at school.

They have more time to be kids; you have more time with them.

Waiting to start formal schooling gives kids more time to be kids, to enjoy a more leisurely day, and to play freely (which, studies have suggested may be more valuable than academics for young children). Delaying kindergarten also gives you one more year with your child. If you're lucky enough to be home with your kiddo, you'll be glad you got that time.

Related: What Redshirting My Son Taught Me about Time

Cons of Delaying Kindergarten

a kindergarten age boy plays with friends building with colorful blocks
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An older child may be taller than their classmates; that matters (especially in middle school).

You may not be thinking about the teen years yet, but let’s not forget: A child who is the oldest kid in kindergarten will also be the oldest in her middle school grade—and that’s no small thing, especially when puberty hits.

They may be bored (and consequently misbehave).

This study has suggested that kids who delayed kindergarten were twice as likely to drop out of high school. Researchers think this is because they reach adult age sooner, which is when kids are legally allowed to quit school on their own (most state laws require kids to stay in school until at least age 17).

That extra year may be expensive.

If you’re a working parent, delaying kindergarten means another year of paying for childcare or preschool. And, with the average cost of preschool as high as more than $10,000 per year in some states (according to this study from the Economic Policy Institute), it’s an expensive wait.

They may not find peers on their level (initially).

A year can make a big difference when you’re only still in your first decade of life. This means a calm, more introverted six-year-old may have trouble finding like-minded peers in a kindergarten class full of rowdy five-year-olds.

It may not matter in the long run.

Despite conflicting research and strong opinions on both sides, it is still unclear whether “redshirting” makes any difference in the long run. Some studies even suggest that, whether your child starts school a year early or a year late, it all levels out by the middle school years.

Related: 16 First Day of School Picture Ideas to Start the Year Off Right

So… Now What?

With all that information,  you’re probably still wondering: What is the right age to start kindergarten? The answer: Both. It depends on the kid.

“Kids should be with developmental age peers as much as possible since kindergarten builds not just academics but social skills, too,” said Deanna Lapen, a Los Angeles-based school psychologist and former kindergarten teacher. “With that being said, every child is an individual. Parents should think about why they would consider redshirting.”

Lapen said parents should talk with their child’s preschool teacher (if applicable) as well as look at the kindergarten curriculum for whatever school their child might attend. Then ask: “Is the upcoming kindergarten class a place where the child will thrive socially and academically?”

If so, don’t delay. And, as always—trust your instincts.

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20 Baby Games to Play with Your Child from Birth to Age 1

by Katie L. Carroll

You waited 9 months and baby is finally here. And even though you’re ready to have fun with that little bundle, baby—not so much (especially during those first few months). But in between the diaper changes, naps, and feedings, you and your little one can find time to play simple games that benefit baby’s development. Playing helps babies learn about the world and develop new motor skills and social skills. The key is knowing at what age they’re ready for baby games like peekaboo and blowing bubbles. Here’s an age-by-age guide for the best games to play with babies at different times during their first year.

Games for Babies: 0-3 Months

two moms play peek a boo, games for babies, with a newborn on a bed
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1. Imitation Game

Your face is your baby’s favorite thing to look at. Keep it about a foot away from your newborn so they see you properly, and then stick out your tongue or form an O with your mouth. Before you know it, baby will copy you. Bonus points for making silly noises to go along with your expressions.

2. Singing

Newborns might not be able to see you from across the room, but they can hear you, and they recognize (and love) your voice. Sing a lullaby or “Wheels on the Bus,” belt out your favorite song or commercial jingle, or make up a song about your daily activities. It doesn’t matter if you’re out of tune, your voice gives your baby comfort and joy.

3. Flashcards

While even the smartest newborn nerd isn’t ready for math or reading flashcards yet, simple images from cards or books get their attention. Black and white images, simple patterns and bright colors are easiest for them to see at this age. They also love images of other babies. All you have to do is hold up the card, point at the picture, and talk about the image. Or put it down in front of them to explore during tummy time.

4. Hanging Toys

Your little one might not be reaching out for toys yet, but looking at them is one of their favorite baby games. Hang a mobile above the crib or find an activity gym with hanging toys and lay baby on their back to enjoy. Baby-safe mirrors are great, too. Babies won’t know it’s their face, but that won’t dampen their enthusiasm for staring at it or reaching out for it.

5. Repetitive Routine

While the endless cycle of eating, burping, sleeping, diapers and baths may not be thrilling for you, it’s your baby’s whole world. Add some fun to the routine by singing a song during bath time, dancing after a diaper change, or stopping to look at framed photos of family members. Whatever you do, the key is doing it consistently.

Related: Baby Games: 7 Sure-Fire Ways to Amuse Your Baby

Games for Babies: 4-6 Months

two dads hold a baby in the bed playing games
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6. Interactive Stories

Your little one is a bit more responsive at this age. Change up those simple newborn activities for slightly more interactive baby games. This is a great time to introduce games like “This Little Piggy.” They don’t require independent movement from baby, but kids find the story super fun.

7. Moving Tummy Time

Put tummy time in motion to mix things up. Once your baby has pretty good head control, lay them on their stomach on a small blanket. Then slowly pull them around the room. Make motor or train noises for even more silly fun.

8. Blowing Bubbles

You don’t need to wait until baby’s old enough to chase after bubbles to introduce then. At this age, babies are starting to see better, so they will be fascinated with the moving rainbows of bubbles. Blow the bubbles near them but not directly at them to keep the soap out of their eyes.

9. Echo Noises

When your baby makes a happy noise, make one back. If they blow bubbles with their lips, blow some back. You’ll get big smiles real quick from this imitation game.

10. How Big Is Baby?

It’s amazing how fast those early months fly by. Your six-month-old will seem huge in comparison with how little they were just a few months ago, making the classic “How Big Is Baby?” game all the more poignant. To play, hold baby’s hands and ask in a sweet voice, “How big is baby?” Then put their hands up over their head and say, “This big!” Mix it up by replacing “big” with different adjectives smart, sweet, etc.

Games for Babies: 7-9 Months

a dad kisses his baby on the forehead, baby sitting on the counter, playing games for babies
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11. Patty Cake

You don’t need to retire those songs from the newborn stage, but continue to up the game with tunes that have motions and finger play to go along with them. Start by showing the motions to songs like “Patty Cake,” “Itsy-Bitsy Spider” and “Wheels on the Bus.” You can also help babies do the motions with their hands.

12. Peekaboo

By now your baby is beginning to have an understanding of object permanence, knowing that when things are out of sight, they aren’t gone forever. If your little one hasn’t already discovered the joy that is peekaboo, this is the perfect time to try it out. Hide your face behind your hands, hide baby’s face behind your hands, or pop out from behind a door or curtain. You can also hide or partially hide objects (like putting a musical toy under a blanket) to see if your child will look for them.

13. Flying Baby

At this age, your baby should have enough control and strength for some flying time on your knees. Lay flat on your back or slightly propped up on a pillow. Use your bent legs to support your baby’s body, hold their hands, and gently fly them around. You can go up and down, side-to-side or a combination of the two. Sound effects and silly songs are mandatory with this activity.

14. Roll the Ball

Once your child is able to sit, sit across from them and roll a ball toward them. At first, baby probably won’t roll it back, but they might pick it up and play with it or chew on it. When they lose interest in the ball, pick it up and roll it back to them to start the game over. Eventually, they’ll be rolling it back to you.

Related: The Smart Parents’ Guide to Montessori Toys for Babies & Toddlers

Games for Babies: 10-12 Months

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15. Sensory Boxes

Nothing is more fun for your older baby than taking things out of a box and putting them back in. Fill a box or bin with a combination of balls, soft blocks, small books, scarves or baby-safe household items like a wooden spatula. Look for objects that have different textures and are big enough not to be choking hazards. Show your child how to take things out of the box and put them back in. It won’t be long before they’re dumping out and rearranging every box they can get their hands on, not to mention your purse and diaper backpack.

16. Obstacle Course

Let the baby games begin! Chances are your little explorer is on the move, or ready to be soon. Whether scooting, crawling, walking or full-on climbing, a baby-appropriate pillow obstacle course is a good energy burner. Set out couch cushions or pillows all around the floor. Demonstrate how to climb over, around or peek under them and then watch your kid go.

17. Dance Time

There are so many ways to enjoy dancing with your baby. You don’t have to stick to baby music; play your favorite tunes if you’d like. Sit on the floor together and bop your head and body or pretend to play an instrument. Baby might not be ready for air guitar yet, but it won’t take much prompting to get them bopping along to the beat. You can also hold baby in your arms and spin in slow circles or sway back and forth. Or sit them in your lap and bounce them on your knees in time to the music.

18. Stack & Attack

Stacking cups, stacking rings and blocks are a favorite for your almost one-year-old. In fact, any items that can be put on top of one another and knocked back down without breaking are fair game. Try plastic storage containers, empty yogurt containers, or small boxes and bring in your little destructor to hulk-smash them down.

19. Bath Splash

A few plastic cups, clean sponges and washcloths add baby thrills to the nightly bath. Use the cups to show how they can be filled with water and them emptied. Squeeze the sponges and washcloths on baby’s belly. Show baby how to smack the water to make a big noise.

20. Make Noisemakers

Fill a clear plastic container with dry beans or rice. Give it a shake and roll it along the floor to show your baby how to make music with it. Add a few colored pom poms to the container to make the shaking even more interesting for your baby.

Related: Play All Day: 20 Sensory Play Ideas for Babies & Toddlers

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6 Open-Ended Toys Great for Kids’ Creativity & Learning

by Marianella Orlando
Partner Content

Picking out toys is a gamble. Kids can go from sheer excitement one moment to losing all interest in about a week (let alone a few days).

While you might have been sold on all that these shiny, new items could do—whether it was the flashing lights, easy-to-memorize tunes, or mystic ability to move and shake—they eventually end up forgotten at the bottom of the toy box.

So if you’re in search of a gift that’ll pique your kid’s interest (and keep it!) this holiday season, it’s time to revisit the store shelves with our must-have list of open-ended toys from schleich®.

Their playsets are adorable, durable, and highly beneficial. As they grow with your children, they’ll also help nurture their imagination, creativity, social skills, and cognitive development along the way (that’s what we like to call a quadruple whammy).

Here are six open-ended toys that’ll keep your child entertained for years to come!

Use code TINYBEANS10 to save 10% off your next purchase from December 1 through December 31.

 

What are Open-Ended Toys & Why Are They Beneficial?

Open-ended toys are boundless toys. They don’t have specific instructions or a predetermined outcome and can be played with in many different ways. They give children the freedom to invent a new story over and over again, allowing them to foster their imagination and creativity, stimulate their social skills, and enhance their critical thinking and decision-making skills.

In short, kids can play by their own rules and interests as many times as they want.

Our 6 Favorite Open-Ended Toys for Kids

Large Barn with Animals and Accessories

$99.99
Kids can create their very own farmyard adventure right from their playroom. This large barn playset includes an expansive collection of toy animals, from cows and piglets to cats and doves, and farming accessories. They can grab barrels of hay with the working hay trolley or lead your cattle to their stalls. Plus, you can expand the fun of farming by adding other kits to your set.

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Pet Hotel

$59.99
Future veterinarians will get a kick out of this pet hotel where all animals are welcomed. Puppies can roam around the obstacle course, while other furry friends can play on the seesaw or soar high on the moveable animal swing. This adorable set comes with an animal keeper and a handful of toy animals (we’re talking kittens, a baby goat, a golden retriever puppy, a guinea pig, and a whole lot more).

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Farm World Starter Set

$19.99
The Farm World Starter Set comes with the right amount of play animals to introduce your farmer-in-training to the basics of animal caretaking. With a cow, donkey, sheep, and rooster, your kids can create endless farmyard fun, then once they’ve mastered their pen, they can grow their farm with other unique add-ons from schleich®.

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5-Piece Horse Collector Bundle

$29.99
Calling all young equestrians, this horse set can bring your stable dreams to life. With a pinto foal, a Knabstrupper foal, a mustang foal, an Arab mare, and a Pintabian mare figurine, children can gallop through fields, groom their herd, and embark on a long journey.

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Animal Rescue Large Truck

$69.99
Animal heroes, it’s time to lace up your boots and prepare to be muddy, as you dive into the wild. This 10-piece, adventurous kit lets little ones play as Ranger Tom, Ted the Meerkat, or a lion through its realistic details and moveable parts. Every day crafts a new adventure, from exploring the lush jungle and taking friends on an epic safari ride.

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Llamacorn

$19.99
Parents, put your child’s request for a unicorn at bay with the Llamacorn—a charming mythical creature that’s part llama and part unicorn. This fantastical figurine is the perfect companion to bring beloved fairy tales to life as well as create brand new journeys. Kids can activate the exciting superpowers of the llamacorn’s horn or prance through an enchanted forest, adding a twinkle of magic to their playroom this season.

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Save 10% on your next schleich® toy purchase with code TINYBEANS10 from December 1 through December 31 at 11:59 p.m. EST. Offer cannot be combined with any other offers or codes.

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Movies for Toddlers That Aren’t Too Scary (and Will Hold Their Attention)

by Nicole Johnson

These movies for toddlers offer up life lessons and lots of fun

Kids, including toddlers, love to be entertained, but when it comes to plopping them in front of the television, the parent guilt can be real. However, not all movies are created equally, so we came up with a list of the best movies for toddlers that provide valuable and simple lessons about friendship, teamwork, and kindness. The plots are straightforward, and the visuals, dialogue, and songs are all engaging enough to hold a toddler’s limited attention span. The movies on this list are family-friendly, many of them offer educational lessons, and all of them offer a chance to cuddle up with your budding cinephiles. (Curious about which films to watch when they get a bit older? We’ve got those, too.)

Finding Nemo

'Finding Nemo' is a good movie for toddlers
© Walt Disney Studios

When clownfish Marlin’s young son Nemo gets captured, he goes on an animated adventure across the ocean to find him. Marlin gets some help from absent-minded fish Dory, meets some laid-back turtles, and escapes the clutches of hungry seagulls in this well-loved film that debuted 20 years ago. 

Where it's streaming: Disney +

Why it’s great for toddlers: Toddlers can learn about ocean life in a fun and colorful way, while also picking up positive lessons on friendship and the importance of family. Parents should note that some of the predator fish may frighten very young viewers.

Blue’s Big City Adventure

Blues Clues Big City Adventure is great movie for toddlers
© Paramount Original

Canine Blue gets her first feature-film musical adventure complete with song and dance numbers. Instead of placing Blue in an animated world, as the television series does, the film finds Blue and her human companion Josh in a very real and vibrant New York City. They are heading to an audition for a Broadway show and need help from passersby and viewers when they get lost. 

Where it's streaming: Paramount +

Why it’s great for toddlers: The songs are engaging, and toddlers will want to dance and sing along. With the same format as the television show, young viewers can follow the paw print clues right along with Blue and Josh, involving toddlers in the journey. Parents will also enjoy the message that dreams can come true and may find seeing previous hosts Steve and Joe a nostalgic bonus.

The Daniel Tiger Movie: Won't You Be Our Neighbor

PBS

Daniel and the whole Tiger clan welcome a new family to the neighborhood with the hopes of making them feel welcome. Daniel hopes to find a new friend. If kids like this movie, they can also watch Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood: Tiger Family Trip 

Where it's streaming: Amazon Prime 

Why it’s great for toddlers: Based on the characters from the PBS television series, Daniel Tiger is a positive role model who provides kids with a fun way to learn some valuable lessons surrounding friendship and kindness. He also teaches young kids basic social skills and problem-solving with simple language in terms they can understand. Daniel also speaks directly to kids.

Sing

Sing is a good movie for toddlers
© Universal Pictures

When koala Buster Moon is faced with the deterioration of a theater he runs, he comes up with an ingenious idea, a singing competition. The competitors are all animals, each with their own personality and unique voice (think a stay-at-home pig who desperately needs something for herself, a stage-shy elephant with an incredible voice, and a gorilla hoping to make his own way in the world). The film’s characters are voiced by Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, and Seth MacFarlane, among others. 

Where is it streaming: Amazon Prime, Hulu (with Live TV)

Why it’s great for toddlers: Parents and kids will notice popular songs that are featured on playlists and the radio, and many toddlers may even be able to sing along with the adorable animal characters. Lessons on believing in yourself, the importance of friendly competition, and supporting others will please parents who can help younger viewers pick up on these themes throughout the film.

Toy Story

© Walt Disney Studios

A flashy new toy space ranger named Buzz threatens old-school cowboy action figure Woody, who fears the young boy whose bedroom he shares no longer wants him. This film, the first in the iconic franchise, features several toys like Mr. Potato Head, toy soldiers, and a piggy bank coming to life when the child who owns them isn’t around. 

Where is it streaming: Disney +

Why it’s great for toddlers: Parents can share some of their own childhood memories through the cast of classic toy characters they may have played with growing up, including a toy tape recorder, an Etch A Sketch, a barrel of monkeys, a troll doll, and the Magic 8Ball. Toddlers will also delight in the idea of toys magically coming to life. Parents should know that some words may not be suitable for toddlers, including ‘shut up’ and ‘idiot.’ There are also some darker moments where toys get hurt or do mildly scary things to protect themselves.

Related: 16 Kids’ Movies That Parents Love Too

A Shaun the Sheep Movie: Farmageddon

Shaun the Sheep is a good movie for toddlers
© Lionsgate

Things get interesting at Mossy Bottom Farm when a space alien shows up, but she isn’t there to take over the world. Will Shaun and the gang be able to get her back to her own planet before she is captured by a nefarious organization?  

Where is it streaming: Netflix 

Why it’s great for toddlers: Young viewers will delight at the simplicity of the dialogue, which is just a series of expressive sounds. Parents will appreciate the lessons surrounding inclusion and friendship that they can share with their kids as they watch.

Bee Movie

Bee Movie is a good movie for toddlers
© DreamWorks Studios

Young bee Barry B. Benson, who just graduated college, wants to do more than become a part of the hive in this comedy starring Jerry Seinfeld. He befriends a human and realizes he may have a great purpose other than honey-making. Some A-list stars lend their voices to the film including Oprah Winfrey, Chris Rock, and Kathy Bates.

Where it's streaming: Netflix

Why it’s great for toddlers: This family friendly movie lets parents enjoy the comedy of Jerry Seinfeld while their toddlers can easily follow the story. The movie also has great lessons about teamwork and unique relationships, like the one between Barry and Vanessa. After watching the film, parents can follow up with an educational lesson on how bees really make honey.

The Peanuts Movie

© 20th Century Studios

With a modern look, the Peanuts gang gets its very own film. Parents will enjoy seeing the loveable characters from their youth embark on new adventures as Charlie Brown tries to go from a loveable loser to someone who can impress the new girl. 

Where it's streaming: Disney +

Why it’s great for toddlers: The movie clocks in with a runtime of just 93 minutes, making it short enough to sustain young viewers' attention. It also touches on important themes like friendship and self-esteem, and almost all of the characters are voiced by actual child actors instead of adult Hollywood stars.

Ponyo

Ponyo is a good movie for toddlers
© Walt Disney Studios

In what feels like a magical mashup of Finding Nemo and The Little Mermaid, a five-year-old boy rescues Ponyo, a goldfish princess. Liam Neeson, Matt Damon, Tina Fey, and Betty White lend their voices to this animated fantasy film helmed by master filmmaker, Hayao Miyazaki. 

Where it's streaming: HBO Max

Why it’s great for toddlers: The colorful and simplistic animation in the film will draw toddlers in and keep them captivated for the nearly two-hour runtime. Ecofriendly messages will also appeal to parents.

Babe

Babe
© Universal Studios

This '90s film will bring many parents back to childhood. Babe, the title character, proves he is more than just an average pig (His talents include the ability to herd sheep.). This children’s classic won an Academy Award and garnered multiple nominations, including one for Best Picture. 

Where is it streaming: Amazon Prime, Apple TV

Why it’s great for toddlers: Young viewers will enjoy the various farm animal characters, especially the tiny mouse chorus, which adds a musical element to the film. It also gives kids a chance to see farm life from the perspective of the animals.

PAW Patrol: The Movie

Paw Patrol: The Movie is a good movie for toddlers
Courtesy Spin Master

Ryder and his crew must step up when infamous cat-lover and troublemaker Mayor Humdinger causes chaos in Adventure City. The rescue pups even have a new friend, Liberty, a delightful dachshund. 

Where is it streaming: Paramount +

Why it’s great for toddlers: Toddlers will be excited to see their favorite pups from the television series in this animated feature-length adventure. The engaging storyline and introduction of new vehicles and rescues will keep them on the edge of their seats.

Related: 100+ Movies Every Kid Needs to See Before They Grow Up

Cars

Cars is a good movie for toddlers
© Walt Disney Studios

In this 2006 film, race car superstar Lightning McQueen gets sidelined in the small community of Radiator Springs while on his way to a big event. While not happy about it at first, Lightning begins to realize that there is more to life than racing and stardom, and he may have found it in the small town with its eclectic cast of characters. Young viewers can catch Cars 2 and Cars 3 if they love the first film. 

Where it's streaming: Disney +

Why it’s great for toddlers: The lessons surrounding winning and the value of friendship are important ones that parents can explore with their kids as they watch the film. The colorful animation and cast of characters will keep even the youngest viewers entertained. Parents should note that there is some mild language in the film such as hell.

Winnie the Pooh

Winnie the Pooh is a good movie for toddlers
© Walt Disney Studios

The famous and timeless bear goes on an unexpected adventure with his friends. They must rescue his human friend, Christopher Robin whom they believe has been taken by a horrible monster called the Backson. 

Where it's streaming: Disney +, Amazon Prime 

Why it’s great for toddlers: This timeless classic focuses on some of the sweetest and most caring bonds of friendship, and the Pooh gang are examples of positive role models who are selfless and kind. Young viewers will also delight in the songs and the simplicity of the story.

One Big Ocean

Based on the educational PBS preschool series, the film features characters Splash and Bubbles leaving their home and heading out into the vast ocean. They meet many types of ocean creatures and explore a variety of topics. 

Where is it streaming: Amazon Prime 

Why it’s great for toddlers: Educational concepts such as biodiversity and migration are presented in a way that young viewers can understand. The colorful characters, ocean environment, and fun songs will keep toddlers entertained as they learn valuable lessons about unity and the importance of caring for our undersea world.

Rio

© 20th Century Studios

A rare macaw named Blu decides to leave behind the comfort of his Minnesota home and head to Rio de Janeiro after meeting Jewel. Jewel, another rare macaw, is different than the domesticated Blu. Their differences lead to adventures neither of them ever imagined. The film features the voices of Jesse Eisenberg, Anne Hathaway, and Neil Patrick Harris. 

Where it's streaming: Hulu, Disney +

Why it’s great for toddlers: Rio is filled with vibrant colors, positive messages, and role models, including the independent female Jewel. The catchy music in the film will also hold the attention of toddlers. There is some mild language like ‘idiot’ and ‘shut up,’ a few scary characters, and some scantily-clad people at Carnival.

Ratatouille

© Walt Disney Studios

Remy, a rat, wants nothing more than to become a great chef. When he finds himself living under a fancy Parisian restaurant, the culinary scene will be forever changed. The characters are voiced by some of the funniest names in comedy including Patton Oswalt, Will Arnett, Brad Garrett, and Janeane Garofalo. 

Where it's streaming: Disney +

Why it’s great for toddlers: With an interesting plot, plenty of humor, and colorful animation, the film will appeal to toddlers and parents. Parents should be aware that some scenes may be a bit intense for younger viewers, especially one featuring a gun-wielding granny.

The Muppets Take Manhattan

Muppets Take Manhattan
Sony Pictures

In this classic 1980s film featuring Jim Henson’s muppets, Kermit the Frog and his friends graduate from college and head to Manhattan to take Broadway by storm with their new show. Once they get to the Big Apple, they realize things aren’t so simple and showbiz is tougher than they could have imagined. 

Where is it streaming: Paramount +, Amazon Prime

Why it’s great for toddlers: Young viewers will enjoy the cute and funny muppets, each with a unique personality. They will also love the musical dance numbers peppered throughout the film.  Parents should know that the film does feature some adult humor and smoking.

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12 Fun Toddler Apps Parents Can Feel Good About

by Shahrzad Warkentin

Screen time is inevitable, but these apps help make it a learning experience

All parents need a break sometimes, and there’s no shame in throwing a screen at the problem (aka a toddler who’s bouncing off the walls). But no one said it has to be mindless. With the right apps, your toddler’s screen time can be an excellent tool for learning everything from letters and numbers to social-emotional skills. Keep reading to discover the best toddler apps and how they can help grow young minds.

PBS Kids Games by PBS Kids

A screenshot of the PBS Kids Games app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
PBS KIDS Games

With over 250 games featuring your kiddo’s favorite PBS characters, this is one of the best toddler apps with so much to do and learn. Play educational games with the Wild Kratts, Daniel Tiger, Elmo, and more, all ad-free and offline.

Free on Apple App Store and Google Play

ABC Mouse by Age of Learning

A screenshot of the ABC Mouse app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
ABC Mouse

Another classic educational app that grows along with kids. The games cover everything from math and reading to science, music, and art. With over 10,000 activities to complete, your kids will be learning new things well into elementary school.

Free with in-app purchases on Apple App Store and Google Play

Toca Boca by Toca Boca AB

The outline of a body with red targets on it and the words "Let your kids play doctor" in a screenshot from the Toca Doctor app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Toca Doctor

You can’t go wrong with the myriad of unique educational games Toca Boca offers. The colorful characters and settings are designed to make pretend play even more creative and fun. Some of the best apps for toddlers include Toca Doctor, which helps prepare kids for a check-up, and Toca Life: Town, which invites players to explore daily life activities like grocery shopping, cooking, visiting the park, and more.

$3.99 on Apple App Store and Google Play

Khan Academy Kids by Khan Academy

A grid of different educational games with the words "Inspire a lifetime of learning and discovery" in a screenshot of the Khan Academy Kids: Learning app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Khan Academy Kids: Learning!

Follow along with Kodi Bear and her pals on an adventure through learning. Easily one of the best toddler apps you can get for free, it encompasses everything from academic basics to social-emotional learning through games and activities. It even teaches kids the importance and fun of exercise with dance breaks and yoga videos.

Free on Apple App Store and Google Play

Starfall ABCs by Starfall Education

A screenshot of the Starfall ABCs app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Starfall ABCs

This excellent staple has been around for a long time and remains a staple as one of the best toddler apps. Through colorful graphics and games, young tots can begin learning and recognizing letters and their sounds. This awesome educational app grows with your kids, expanding letters into words and sentences as their reading skills progress.

Free on Apple App Store and Google Play

Sago Mini Friends by Sago Mini

Two colourful animals greet each other with the words "Go on a playdate" in a screenshot of the Sago Mini Friends app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Sago Mini Friends

There’s nothing more fun than learning through play. Toddlers can pick up social skills like empathy and sharing through engaging games and activities, like playing dress-up or having a snack. This is also one of the best apps to play together with your little ones. If your little can’t get enough of these adorable characters, Sago offers a whole suite of interactive games perfect for toddlers.

$3.99 on Apple App Store and free with ads on Google Play

Monkey Preschool Lunchbox by THUP Games

A monkey surrounded by different coloured fruit with the words "Touch the yellow fruit" in a screenshot of the Monkey Preschool Lunchbox app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Monkey Preschool Lunchbox

There’s a good reason this is the number-one preschool app in the Apple App Store—this monkey’s lunchbox is full of fun and kids get to pick a new “sticker” every time they complete a few activities.  Its colorful design and playful sounds engage kids as they learn about shapes, colors, counting, and comparison through various games and challenges.

$1.99 on Apple App Store and $4.99 on Google Play

Daniel Tiger’s Play At Home by PBS Kids

A screenshot of the Daniel Tiger's Play at Home app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Daniel Tiger’s Play at Home

Pretend play is a fantastic way to help kids learn to engage with the world around them. This app offers six different settings to explore, including going to the doctor, getting ready for bed, and using the potty. One of the best parts is the Feel the Music game, which teaches kids how to express their emotions with music.

$2.99 on Apple App Store and Google Play

Breathe, Think, Do by Sesame Workshop

A screenshot of the Breathe, Think, Do with Sesame app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Breathe, Think, Do with Sesame

Toddlers and emotions go together like PB & J, and discovering their emotions is a big part of your kiddo’s daily life. This Sesame Street-themed app is the perfect tool to help tots learn more about their feelings and how to react and self-regulate in different situations. Kids learn calming techniques and ways to express their emotions in a healthy way. Even parents can get a good lesson out of this app.

Free on Apple App Store and Google Play

Moo, Baa, La La La! By Loud Crow Interactive

A screenshot of the Moo, Baa, La, La, La! - Sandra Boynton app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Moo, Baa, La, La, La!

This interactive e-book invites toddlers to get involved in this Sandra Boyton classic. The board book comes to life with sounds and music. Curious readers can tap on the colorful animals to hear the various sounds they make as the story unfolds. Kids can also tap on individual words to hear them sounded out.

$2.99 on Apple App Store and $1.99 on Google Play

Hungry Caterpillar Play School by StoryToys Entertainment Limited

The letters A B C in the style of Eric Carle's The Very Hungry Caterpillar with an apple, bear and cow below them and the words "Learn to read and write" in a screenshot of the Hungry Caterpillar Play School app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Hungry Caterpillar Play School

Help your toddler prepare for preschool with Eric Carle’s timeless character, the Hungry Caterpillar. Kids can explore and develop math and reading skills, as well as learn about science and nature, all through Carle’s colorful artwork and designs.

Free with in-app purchases on Apple App Store and Google Play

Musical Me! By Duck Duck Moose LLC

Fish swimming around a bar of colour-coded sheet music with the words "Learn to read notes & create music" in a screenshot of the Musical Me! app for a roundup of the best toddler apps
Musical Me!

Young kids can discover the fundamentals of music through a variety of games and activities. After a while, your toddler will be able to read and recognize rhythm, music notes, different musical instruments, and more. The music includes popular nursery rhymes and songs, like “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” and “Mary Had a Little Lamb.”

Free on Apple App Store

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Is Preschool Free? Here’s What You Need to Know

by Casey Clark

The answer to whether you have access to free preschool really depends on where you live and whether you qualify

When your kid approaches age 3 or 4, you may consider sending them to preschool. It probably seems like the natural way to have them enter the education system and transition to kindergarten, but it’s not that simple—and one looming question on parents’ minds is this: “Is preschool free?”

Short answer: No, preschool isn’t free.
Long answer: Preschool can be free, but not everywhere in the United States.

“The cost of preschool varies dramatically across the country, but the average tuition costs approximately $10,000 per academic year,” says Amanda Vierheller, co-founder and COO of Playgarden. “Cost is one of the most prohibitive factors in families committing to preschool.”

Although costly, parents might view this as an investment in their child’s future as research shows that preschool benefits kids socially, emotionally, physically, and cognitively. However, since not every family has the means to send their kid to preschool, it’s become a hot-button topic in many states.

With that said, we understand that navigating the world of preschool for your child can be difficult and we’re here to help. To make the process easier, we spoke with education experts and families about their experiences with preschool and whether free preschool might be a possibility now or in the future.

When do kids start preschool?

Preschoolers are between the ages of 3 and 5, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but children typically start preschool between 3 and 4. By chatting with local preschools, parents can determine what each school’s expectations are for readiness (e.g., potty training) and evaluate whether their kid fits the bill.

What are the benefits of preschool?

One of the reasons many parents consider sending their children to preschool is because of the advantages they’ll receive ahead of kindergarten.

“Preschool introduces children to routine, rules, independence, socialization, early learning, and foundational skills that they use both in school and at home,” says Vierheller. “Students who attend preschool have opportunities to promote social and emotional development with peers and teachers.”

Aside from gaining independence and developing their social skills, preschool also helps to prepare kids for kindergarten. “Not only do kids learn the foundational skills needed to master elementary school topics, but they also learn how to be in school,” says Cara Delzer, head of community at Outschool. “They get to practice self-control, asking for help, and learn how to navigate a structured setting.”

Most importantly, children develop essential skills like language and communication by playing, learning, and interacting with others. “Students also build fine motor and gross motor skills with the daily practice that comes with school activities,” Vierheller adds.

How much does preschool cost in the US?

As mentioned above, Delzer says a traditional preschool usually starts around $1200 a month or $10,000 per year, but this may vary depending on the location, number of children attending, and the type of preschool chosen.

Jaime Maser Berman, a publicist and mother of four, has three of her children currently enrolled in preschool in Westfield, NJ. For the 2022-2023 school year, her kids’ tuition cost the family roughly $6,000 per month.

“Preschool is definitely not free; in fact, we joke we’re constantly hemorrhaging money. Such is life as a parent,” says Maser Berman.

A program to help cover the cost of preschool

While tuition concerns are a real problem for many families, Delzer says there is a government program that’s in place to help.

Head Start

The most well-known free preschool option is Head Start, which is available in some form in every state for children aged 3 to 5. (Sister program Early Head Start is an option for families with kids under 3.)

“Every state has requirements to qualify for Head Start, such as income limits,” says Delzer. “Many school districts provide free preschool with some restrictions, such as limiting it to certain age groups, only being available for part of the day, or only being available 3 days a week.”

Does your state have free preschool?

Nearly all states have free preschool available through Head Start, as long as families meet the eligibility requirements.

Some states offer free pre-K for students who are 4 years old. “Florida, Georgia, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Vermont, and Washington D.C currently offer universal pre-K programs for all children, although some are based on lottery acceptance as spaces are limited,” says Vierheller.

She adds that other states have universal pre-K policies in place for at-risk children, and some are working towards the benchmark of offering state-wide pre-K in the future. For example, California is on track to have free high-quality pre-K for all 4-year-olds by 2025.

If you’re looking for local preschool options, the Child Care Aware hotline (1-800-424-2246) is an available resource. They provide contact information for local childcare resources and referral agencies, which can provide a list of licensed preschools in your area.

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Study Suggests Kids Who Read for Fun Tend to Be Better-Adjusted Teens

by Christina Marfice

A new study shows that kids who read for fun when they’re young have better cognitive performance and mental health when they hit their teenage years

While most kids these days reach for devices with screens when they have free time to kill, there’s a lot of evidence that parents might want to encourage them to pick up a book instead. In addition to the imagination-boosting power of stories, a new study found evidence that kids who read for pleasure when they’re younger tend to score higher on cognitive tests and experience better mental health when they reach adolescence.

Researchers in the U.K. and China studied 10,000 U.S. kids and found that those who had started reading for pleasure by age nine had brain scans that showed larger, healthier, and better-developed brains. Those kids also performed better on tests for memory, speech, verbal learning, and general academics, and they slept longer and spent less time looking at screens.

The researchers also found that the sweet spot for seeing cognitive effects was getting kids to read for 12 hours a week—so about two hours a day. They noted that kids who read more than that were actually at risk of negative cognitive effects since spending so much time reading could mean they were missing out on other activities that help kids build cognitive and social skills.

“Reading isn’t just a pleasurable experience—it’s widely accepted that it inspires thinking and creativity, increases empathy, and reduces stress,” study author professor Barbara Sahakian said in a release. “But on top of this, we found significant evidence that it’s linked to important developmental factors in children, improving their cognition, mental health, and brain structure, which are cornerstones for future learning and well-being.”

There is one other important caveat to this data, though: kids from affluent families are more likely to read for pleasure, and perform better on cognitive and academic tests. They’re also less likely to experience stressors (like food and housing insecurity) that can influence their mental health. So while reading is likely great for kids, we can’t ignore the socio-economic factors that are also always at play.

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